Hello everyone to the essay and speech today we will learn how to make indirect speech from direct of a present indefinite tense by including helpful tables for your better understanding so let’s start with a affirmative sentences
Affirmative sentences
Rules for Changing Direct to Indirect Speech
- Remove the quotation marks and add “that” before the reported speech.
- Change the verb from present indefinite to past indefinite (e.g., eat → ate, plays → played).
- Change the pronouns as per the speaker and context.
- Time expressions may change (e.g., now → then, today → that day).
For example look at this table
Negative Sentences
Rules for Changing Direct to Indirect Speech of Negative Sentences)
- Remove the quotation marks and add “that” before the reported speech.
- Change the verb from present indefinite to past indefinite:”do not” → “did not””does not” → “did not”
- Keep the main verb in its base form (e.g., eat → eat, play → play).
- Change the pronouns as per the speaker and context.
- Time expressions may change (e.g., now → then, today → that day).
For Examples look at this table
Introgative Sentences
Rules for Changing Direct to Indirect Speech (Interrogative Sentences)
- Remove quotation marks and use “asked” instead of “said.”
- For Yes/No questions, use “if” or “whether” before the reported speech.
- For Wh-questions, keep the Wh-word and follow it with subject + past verb.
- Remove auxiliary verbs (“do/does”) and change the main verb to past tense.
- Change pronouns and time expressions accordingly.
1 Yes No question
Use If or whether in indirect Speech
2 For Wh word
Use Wh- Word+ Subject+Verb in Indirect Speech
Exclamatory sentences
Rules for Changing Exclamatory Sentences to Indirect Speech
- Change “said” to “exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder/surprise/etc.” depending on the emotion.
- Remove quotation marks and use “that” before the reported speech.
- Change exclamatory words (e.g., Hurrah, Alas, Wow) into their meanings.
- Change the verb from present to past (if applicable).
- Remove exclamation marks (!) and restructure the sentence.
So this was about this article I hope you would find it helpful